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The Memory of Table Mountain Bor in the Light of Minor Place Names
Ptáčníková, Martina
Table mountain Bor forms part of the border zone of mountains surrounding Bohemia together with the neighbouring Hejšovina. Bor has not received much attention in onomastic research and this study attempts to fill this gap. It will highlight the well-known and lesser-known variants of the name of mountain, which originated in both Czech and German environments. We pay special attention to the names for the sandstone rock labyrinth situated on the edge of Bor. The oldest name of the labyrinth, Divoké ďoury (EN: Wild Holes, GER: Wilde Löcher), as well as the oldest names of individual rock formations were created by Daniel Ducháč, a resident of the village of Bukovina, which belonged to the so-called Czech Corner in Kłodzko Land. In the conclusion of the study we will answer the question whether the original Czech name of the rock labyrinth, i.e. Divoké ďoury, can still be found in the linguistic landscape of the area today or not.
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Dikobraz ‚porcupine‘ and buvol ‚buffalo‘ 200 years after Presl – research in the present-day pronunciation of two common nouns
Štěpánová, Veronika ; Novák, J.
Within a scientific internship for high school students realized in 2021 in the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, besides other things, the current pronunciation usage of the expressions dikobraz ‚porcupine‘ and buvol ‚buffalo‘, both proposed by J. S. Presl as official Czech zoological terms, has been investigated. Both of these designations are remarkable from the phonetic point of view. In case of dikobraz, the existing monolingual dictionaries of Czech have so far admitted the pronunciation variants [dɪkobras] and [ɟɪkobras]. The analysis of sound records from the online archives of Czech public media has proved that the variant [ɟɪkobras], reflecting the etymological origin of this Russianism, has not appeared in a representative sample of both professional and non‑professional speakers. An informal survey has discovered that its occurrence would be surprising or disturbing for a majority of the users of Czech. On the other hand, in case of the second analysed expression buvol, it has been proved that more than one third of the investigated Czech speakers use the sound variant [buːvol], whereas no such sound (or graphical) variant is codified at present (however, J. S. Presl originally proposed a form written bůvol). The results of this research may serve also as important data for the arising Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech, for the Internet Language Reference Book etc.
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Palacky fell out of the ATM or Where the proper name begins and ends from the point of view of capitalization
Smejkalová, Kamila
Capital letters in Czech indicate a proper name. However, distinguishing a proper name from a common one can challenging, as evidenced by the number of capitalization enquiries answered by the Language Consulting Center (LCC) of the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CLI). In addition, the status of a proper name is not immutable. Th e name may go through an appellativization process (uppercase letter changes to lowercase) or proprialization process (lowercase letters become uppercase). Th is text deals with appellativization in connection with the spelling and with legal consequences of this process, as well as with other naming types that appear to be problematic for Czech users in terms of capitalization. Telephone, letter, and e-mail inquiries of the LCC, which are annotated in the electronic Database of Language Enquiries on the CLI website, are used as material.
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Common Nouns denoting a Larch Tree in Non-Settlement Place Names in Bohemia
Zirhutová, Martina
The paper deals with the use of the common noun modřín (larch) and its dialectal variants in non-settlement place names in Bohemia. The focus of the research is to find out which dialectal words denoting a larch tree are included in the names, and to state their number, geographical occurrence and other characteristic features. Attention is paid not only to the common nouns which are used in non-settlement names frequently (verpán, merfán, modřín, břím, dřín), but also to the dialectal words which appear in names rather scarcely (lerpán, relpán, tis, klenč, skřivánčí).
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Ostrov nad Ohří and Tajanov u Tupadel. On confusions in toponyms
Štěpán, Pavel
The chapter deals with the disunity in naming the individual inhabited localities in Czechia, namely with the cases when the railway station, post office and/or cadastral area has\na name different from the municipality (or municipality part) name. It is noted that especially railway station or post office names are often mistakenly identified with the official standardized municipality names. This may lead to misunderstanding and problems in communication. Removing this disunity is difficult due to considerable fragmentation of powers of the individual authorities responsible for the individual names. The second part of the paper investigates the names of cadastral areas. In some cases, these names differ from the municipality names just because the municipality had been officially renamed, but the corresponding change of the cadastral area name did not take place.
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Kosher in lexicography. Problems of one religion term
Dvořáková, Žaneta
The Hebrew term košer (‘kosher’) came into Czech through Jewish sociolect / ethnolect. It was originally a religious term for what is ritually pure and appropriate. In addition to the adjective and adverb košer, Czech dictionaries also contain a number of other forms and derivatives, but some of them are no longer used at the moment (e.g. košerný, košerně). Our evaluation is based on an analysis of material base from the Syn2015 Corpus and from a probe into contemporary texts in Jewish magazines or on the websites of Jewish communities and organizations. In Czech dictionaries, we may see a reduction of the meaning compared to how the term is traditionally used in the Jewish community, e.g. the adjective košer is limited to meat, the verb košerovat is associated only with the ritual slaughter. The nouns mentioned in the dictionaries are also very debatable: masculine košer in the sense of ‘butcher’ and masculine košer with the meanings of ‘cut’ and ‘food appropriate for Jews to eat’, these are based on isolated documents from the works of authors apparently unfamiliar with the Jewish community. The question then is whether (and according to what criteria) such words should be included in the dictionaries.
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